{"id":1253,"date":"2025-02-22T20:38:51","date_gmt":"2025-02-23T03:38:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centermaghribstudies.org\/?p=1253"},"modified":"2025-02-23T11:25:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T18:25:16","slug":"bibliography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/centermaghribstudies.org\/fr\/bibliography\/","title":{"rendered":"Bibliography"},"content":{"rendered":"

A<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nAccad, Evelyne.<\/strong>\u00a0Veil of Shame: The Role of Women in the Contemporary Fiction of North Africa and the Arab World<\/em>. Sherbrooke, Canada: \u00c9ditions Naaman, 1978.
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\nAouad, Ghita.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cl\u2019Esclavage Tardif au Maroc Sous le Protectorat.\u201d\u00a0Revue Maroc Europe<\/em>. Rabat: Editions La Porte, 1991.
\n___________. \u201c\u00abEsclavage\u00bb et situation des \u00abnoirs\u00bb au Maroc dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle.\u201d In\u00a0Les relations transsahariennes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque contemporaine<\/em>, edited by Laurence Marfaing and Steffen Wippel. Paris: Karthala, 2004.
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\nAubin, Eug\u00e8ne.<\/strong>\u00a0Morocco of to-Day<\/em>. London: J.M. Dent & Co, 1906.
\nAusten, Ralph.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cThe Mediterranean Islamic Slave Trade out of Africa: A Tentative Census.\u201d In\u00a0The Human Commodity: Perspectives on the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade<\/em>, edited by Elizabeth Savage. London: Frank Cass, 1992.
\n____________. \u201cThe Trans-Saharan Slave Trade: A Tentative Census.\u201d In\u00a0The Uncommon Market: Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic Slave Trade<\/em>, edited by Henry Gemery and Jan Hogendorn. New York: Academic Press, 1979.
\nAzurara, Gomes Eannes de.<\/strong>\u00a0The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea<\/em>. Translated by Charles Raymond Beazley and Edgar Prestage. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1896.<\/p>\n

B<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baba, Ahmad.<\/strong>\u00a0Mi\u2018raj al-Su\u2018ud: Ahmad Baba\u2019s Replies on Slavery<\/em>. Translated by John Hunwick and Fatima Harrak. Rabat: Publications of the Institute of African Studies, 2000.
\nBadawi, \u2018Abduh.<\/strong>\u00a0Ash-Shu\u2018ara\u2019 as-Sud wa Khasa\u2019isuhum fi ash-Shi\u2018r al-\u2018Arabi<\/em>. Cairo: al-Hayat al-Misriyya al-\u2018Amma li \u2019l-Kuttab, 1973.
\nBaillie, Neil.<\/strong>\u00a0A Digest of Moohummudan Law: Compiled and Translated from Authorities in the Original Arabic, with an Introduction and Explanatory Notes<\/em>. Lahore: Premier Book House, 1957.
\nBalansa, B.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cVoyage de Mogador \u00e0 Maroc.\u201d\u00a0Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de g\u00e9ographie<\/em>. Paris: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de g\u00e9ographie, 1868.
\nBalewa, Abubakar Tafawa.<\/strong>\u00a0Shaihu Umar: A Novel<\/em>. Translated by Mervyn Hiskett. New York: M. Wiener Pub., 1989.
\nBaljon Jr, J. M. S.<\/strong>\u00a0The Reforms and Religious Ideas of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan<\/em>. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1949.
\nBanton, Michael.<\/strong>\u00a0Race Relations<\/em>. New York: Basic Books, 1967.
\nBasset, Ren\u00e9.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cLes noms des m\u00e9taux et des couleurs en Berb\u00e8re.\u201d In\u00a0M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de linguistique de Paris<\/em>. Paris: Impr. Nationale, 1895.
\nAl-Baydhaq, abu Bakr b. \u2018Ali as-Sinhaji.<\/strong>\u00a0Akhbar al-Mahdi Ibn Tumart wa-Bidayat Dawlat al-Muwahhidin<\/em>. Edited by \u2018Abd al-Wahhab b. Mansur. Rabat: al-Mataba\u2018a al-Malakiyya, 2004.
\nBeardsley, Grace.<\/strong>\u00a0The Negro in Greek and Roman Civilization; a Study of the Ethiopian Type<\/em>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1929.
\nBecker, Cynthia.<\/strong>\u00a0Amazigh Arts in Morocco: Women Shaping Berber Identity<\/em>. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006.
\n_____________. \u201cWe are Real Slaves, Real Ismkhan: Memories of the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade in the Tafilalet of South-Eastern Morocco.\u201d\u00a0The Journal of North African Studies<\/em>\u00a07, no. 4 (2002).
\nBenachir, Bouazza.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00e9gritudes du Maroc et du Maghreb<\/em>. Paris: L\u2019Harmattan, 2003.
\nBerrada, Thuraya.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c\u2018Abid al-Bukhari.\u201d In\u00a0Ma\u2018lamat al-Maghrib<\/em>. Sale: Nashr Matabi\u2018 Sala, 1991.
\nBerthier, Paul.<\/strong>\u00a0Les anciennes sucreries du Maroc et leurs r\u00e9seaux hydrauliques<\/em>. Rabat: Impr. Fran\u00e7aises et Marocaines, 1966.
\n___________. \u201cLes plantations de canne \u00e0 sucre et les fabriques de sucre dans l\u2019ancien Maroc.\u201d\u00a0Hesp\u00e9ris-Tamuda<\/em>. Rabat: Editions techniques nord-africaines, 1962.
\nBerthoud, Silvio, and Dierk Lange.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cL\u2019int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019Afrique Occidentale d\u2019apr\u00e8s Giovanni Lorenzo Anania (XVIe si\u00e8cle).\u201d\u00a0Cahiers d\u2019Histoire Mondiale<\/em>, Neuch\u00e2tel. Switzerland: Editions de la Baconni\u00e8re, 14, no. 2 (1972).
\nBlassingame, John W.<\/strong>\u00a0The Slave Community<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.
\nBlunt, Wilfrid.<\/strong>\u00a0Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt: Being a Personal Narrative of Events<\/em>. London: T.F. Unwin, 1907.
\nBonsal, Stephen.<\/strong>\u00a0Morocco As It Is. With an Account of Sir Charles Euan Smith\u2019s Recent Mission to Fez<\/em>. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893.
\nBouzenirh, Fatima.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cRace and Ethnicity in African Literature.\u201d In\u00a0Les Constructions de l\u2019autre dans les relations interafricaines<\/em>, S\u00e9rie: Colloques et S\u00e9minaires (No 11), edited by Fatima Harrak and Khalid Chegraoui. Rabat: Publications de l\u2019Institut des Etudes Africaines, 2008.
\nBovill, Edward W.<\/strong>\u00a0The Golden Trade of the Moors<\/em>. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1995.
\nBowles, Paul.<\/strong>\u00a0Their Heads Are Green and Their Hands Are Blue<\/em>. New York: Random House, 1963.
\nBoyer, Pierre, and Marcel Emerit.<\/strong>\u00a0La r\u00e9volution de 1848 en Alg\u00e9rie: m\u00e9langes d\u2019histoire<\/em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions Larose, 1949.
\nBraithwaite, John.<\/strong>\u00a0The History of the Revolutions in the Empire of Morocco, upon the Death of the late Emperor Muley Ishmael<\/em>. London: printed by J. Darby and T. Browne, 1729.
\nBraudel, Fernand.<\/strong>\u00a0The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II<\/em>. Translated by Si\u00e2n Reynolds. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.
\nBritish and Foreign State Papers<\/em>. 1842\u20131843. Compiled by the librarian and keeper of the papers, Foreign Office. London: James Ridgway and Sons, Piccadilly, 1858.
\nBrockopp, Jonathan Eugene.<\/strong>\u00a0Early Maliki Law: Ibn \u2018Abd Al-Hakam and His Major Compendium of Jurisprudence<\/em>. Studies in Islamic Law and Society. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
\nBrown, Leon.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cColor in Northern Africa.\u201d\u00a0Daedalus<\/em>\u00a096, no. 2 (Spring 1967).
\nBrown, Richard H.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cCultural Representation and Ideological Domination.\u201d\u00a0Social Forces<\/em>\u00a071, no. 3 (March 1993).
\nBrown, William Wells.<\/strong>\u00a0From Fugitive Slave to Free Man: The Autobiographies of William Wells Brown<\/em>. Edited by William L. Andrews. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003.
\nBrunel, Ren\u00e9.<\/strong>\u00a0Essai sur la confr\u00e9rie religieuse des Aissaouas au Maroc<\/em>. Casablanca: Ed. Afrique Orient, 1988.
\nBuckland, W. W.<\/strong>\u00a0The Roman Law of Slavery: the Condition of the Slave in Private Law from Augustus to Justinian<\/em>. London: Cambridge University Press, 1908.
\nBuffa, John.<\/strong>\u00a0Travels Through the Empire of Morocco<\/em>. London: J.J. Stockdale, 1810.
\nBusnot, Dominique.<\/strong>\u00a0Histoire du r\u00e8gne de Mouley Ismael, roy de Maroc, Fez, Tafilet, Souz, &c<\/em>. Rouen: G. Behourt, 1714.<\/p>\n

C<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar N\u00fa\u00f1ez.<\/strong>\u00a0The Account: \u00c1lvar N\u00fa\u00f1ez Cabeza de Vaca\u2019s Relaci\u00f3n<\/em>. Annotated translation by Martin A. Favata and Jos\u00e9 B. Fern\u00e1ndez. Houston, Tex.: Arte P\u00fablico Press, 1993.
\nCa da Mosto, Alvise.<\/strong>\u00a0The Voyages of Cadamosto and other Documents on Western Africa in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century<\/em>. Translated and edited by G. R. Crone. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1937.
\nCailli\u00e9, Ren\u00e9.<\/strong>\u00a0Travels Through Central Africa to Timbuctoo; and Across the Great Desert, to Morocco, Performed in the Years 1824\u20131828<\/em>. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1830.
\n___________.\u00a0Voyage \u00e0 Tombouctou<\/em>. Paris: La D\u00e9couverte, 1996.
\nCarretta, Vincent, and Ty M. Reese.<\/strong>\u00a0The Life and Letters of Philip Quaque, the First African Anglican Missionary<\/em>. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2010.
\nChaunu, Pierre.<\/strong>\u00a0L\u2019expansion Europ\u00e9enne du XIIIe au XVe si\u00e8cle<\/em>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1969.
\nChenier, Louis de.<\/strong>\u00a0Recherches historiques sur les Maures, et histoire de l\u2019empire de Maroc<\/em>. Paris: Chez l\u2019auteur. The English translation:\u00a0The Present State of the Empire of Morocco<\/em>. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1967.
\nChlyeh, Abdelhafid.<\/strong>\u00a0Les Gnaoua du Maroc: Itin\u00e9raires initiatiques, transe et possession<\/em>. Casablanca: Editions Le Fennec, 1998.
\nChra\u00efbi, Driss.<\/strong>\u00a0Le pass\u00e9 simple<\/em>. Paris: Deno\u00ebl, 1986.
\nClarence-Smith, William.<\/strong>\u00a0Islam and the Abolition of Slavery<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
\n____________________. \u201cIslamic Abolitionism in the Western Indian Ocean from c. 1800.\u201d Paper presented at the 10th Annual Gilder Lehrman Center International Conference. Yale University, November 7\u20108, 2008.
\nCohen, David William.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cDoing Social History from Pim\u2019s Doorway.\u201d In\u00a0Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History<\/em>, edited by Olivier Zunz. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
\nCohen, William.<\/strong>\u00a0The French Encounter with Africans: White Response to Blacks, 1530\u20131880<\/em>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
\nCone, James H.<\/strong>\u00a0Risks of Faith: The Emergence of a Black Theology of Liberation, 1968-1998<\/em>. Boston, 1999.
\nConrad, David C.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cIslam in the Oral Traditions of Mali: Bilali and Surakata.\u201d\u00a0The Journal of African History<\/em>\u00a026, no. 1 (1985).
\nCoon, Carleton S.<\/strong>\u00a0North Africa Most of the World; the Peoples of Africa, Latin America and the East Today<\/em>. Edited by Ralph Linton. New York: Columbia University Press, 1949.
\nCordell, Dennis.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cNo Liberty, Not Much Equality, and Very Little Fraternity: The Mirage of Manumission in the Algerian Sahara in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century\u201d in\u00a0Slavery and Colonial Rule<\/em>. Ed. par Miers et Klein. Great Britain: Frank Cass Publishers. 1998.
\nCraig, Edward (ed.).<\/strong>\u00a0Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/em>. London: Routledge, 1998.
\nCrapanzano, Vincent.<\/strong>\u00a0The Hamadsha; a Study in Moroccan Ethnopsychiatry<\/em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.<\/p>\n

D<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daftar Mamalik as-Sultan Mawlay Isma\u2018il.<\/strong>\u00a0Rabat: Biblioth\u00e8que G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, ms. k 394.
\nDavidson, Basil.<\/strong>\u00a0Africa in History: Themes and Outlines<\/em>. New York: Touchstone, 1995.
\nDawuud, Muhammad.<\/strong>\u00a0Tarikh Titwan<\/em>. Tetouan: al-Matba\u2018a al-Mahdiya, 1963.
\nDe Amicis, Edmondo.<\/strong>\u00a0Morocco; Its People and Places<\/em>. Translated by C. Rollin-Tilton. New York: G.P. Putnam\u2019s Sons, 1882.
\nDeerr, No\u00ebl.<\/strong>\u00a0The History of Sugar<\/em>. London: Chapman and Hall, 1949.
\nDegler, Carl.<\/strong>\u00a0Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States<\/em>. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.
\nDelafosse, Maurice.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cRelations du Maroc et du Soudan \u00e0 travers les \u00e2ges.\u201d\u00a0Hesp\u00e9ris-Tamuda<\/em>. Rabat: \u00c9ditions Techniques Nord-Africaines, 1924.
\nDermenghem, Emile.<\/strong>\u00a0Le culte des saints dans l\u2019islam maghr\u00e9bin<\/em>. Paris: Gallimard, 1982.
\nAl-Dinawari, \u2018Abd Allah b. Qutayba.<\/strong>\u00a0Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History<\/em>. Edited by J. F. P. Hopkins and Nehemia Levin. England: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
\nDonohue, John J., and John L. Esposito (eds.).<\/strong>\u00a0Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
\nDouglass, Frederick.<\/strong>\u00a0Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History<\/em>. New York: Collier Books, 1962.
\nDouglass, Frederick.<\/strong>\u00a0Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave<\/em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
\nDozy, Reinhart.<\/strong>\u00a0Suppl\u00e9ment aux dictionaires Arabes<\/em>. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1881.
\nDrummond-Hay, John H.<\/strong>\u00a0A Memoir of Sir John Drummond Hay, Sometime Minister at the Court of Morocco Based on His Journals and Correspondence<\/em>. London: J. Murray, 1896.
\nAd-Du\u2018ayyif, Muhammad ibn \u2018Abd as-Salam.<\/strong>\u00a0Tarikh ad-Du\u2018ayyif: Tarikh ad-Dawla as-Sa\u2018ida<\/em>. Edited and annotated by Ahmad al-\u2018Ammari. Rabat: Dar al-Ma\u2019thurtat, 1986.
\nDuBois, W. E. B.<\/strong>\u00a0The Souls of Black Folk<\/em>. New York: Dover, 1994.
\nDugas, Guy (ed.).<\/strong>\u00a0Maroc: Les villes imp\u00e9riales<\/em>. Paris: Omnibus, 1996.
\nDunn, Ross.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cThe trade of Tafilalt: Commercial Change in Southeast Morocco on the Eve of the Protectorate.\u201d\u00a0African Historical Studies<\/em>\u00a04 (1971).
\nDuval, Jules.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cLa question du Maroc et les int\u00e9r\u00eats europ\u00e9ens en Afrique.\u201d\u00a0Revue des deux mondes<\/em>. Paris: Imprimerie de J. Claye, Novembre-D\u00e9cembre 1859.<\/p>\n

E<\/strong><\/p>\n

El Hamel, Chouki.<\/strong>\u00a0La Vie intellectuelle islamique dans le Sahel ouest africain. Une \u00e9tude sociale de l\u2019enseignement islamique en Mauritanie et au Nord du Mali (XVIe-XIXe si\u00e8cles).<\/em>\u00a0Paris: L\u2019Harmattan, 2002.
\n_______________. \u201cConstructing a Diasporic Identity: Tracing the Origins of Gnawa Spiritual Group in Morocco.\u201d\u00a0Journal of African History<\/em>\u00a049, no. 2 (2008).
\nEloufrani, Mohammad Esseghir ben Elhadj ben Abdallah.<\/strong>\u00a0Nozhet-Elhadi; Histoire de la dynastie saadienne au Maroc (1151\u20131670).<\/em>\u00a0Translated by Octave Houdas. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1889.
\nEnnaji, Mohammed.<\/strong>\u00a0Serving the Master: Slavery and Society in Nineteenth-Century Morocco<\/em>. Translated by Seth Graebner. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1999.
\nEnsel, Remco.<\/strong>\u00a0Saints and Servants in Southern Morocco<\/em>. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
\nEpton, Nina.<\/strong>\u00a0Saints and Sorcerers<\/em>. London: Cassell, 1958.
\nEquiano, Olaudah.<\/strong>\u00a0The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings<\/em>. New York: Penguin Books, 1995.
\nEsposito, John.<\/strong>\u00a0Islam: The Straight Path<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
\nEssafi, Tahar.<\/strong>\u00a0La Marocaine: m\u0153urs, condition sociale, \u00e9volution<\/em>. Marrakech: Imprimerie du Sud Marocain, 1935.
\nEstienne, Paul.<\/strong>\u00a0Histoire compl\u00e8te du mar\u00e9chal Mac-Mahon, pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise<\/em>. Paris: A. Duquesne, 1874.
\nEvans, William McKee.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cFrom the Land of Canaan to the Land of Guinea: The Strange Odyssey of the \u2018Sons of Ham\u2019.\u201d\u00a0The American Historical Review<\/em>\u00a085, no. 1 (February 1980).<\/p>\n

F<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fage, J.D.<\/strong>\u00a0Ghana: A Historical Interpretation<\/em>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1959.
\nAl-Fallali, Ibrahim Hashim.<\/strong>\u00a0Ar-Riqq fi \u2019l-Quran<\/em>. Cairo: Dar al-Qalam, 1960.
\nFasi, Muhammad, and Ivan Hrbek.<\/strong>\u00a0General History of Africa. Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century<\/em>. London: James Currey, 1992.
\nEl Fasi, Mohammed.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cA special issue on the Sultan Mawlay Isam\u2018il.\u201d\u00a0Hesp\u00e9ris Tamuda<\/em>. Rabat: Editions Techniques Nord-Africaines, 1962.
\nFaux, William.<\/strong>\u00a0Memorable Days in America: Being a Journal of a Tour to the United States, Principally Undertaken to Ascertain, by Positive Evidence, the Condition and Probable Prospects of British Emigrants<\/em>. New York: AMS Press, 1969.
\nFerchiou, Sophie.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cThe Possession Cults of Tunisia: A Religious System Functioning as a System of Reference and a Social Field for Performing Actions.\u201d In\u00a0Women\u2019s Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond<\/em>, edited by I.M. Lewis, Ahmed Al-Sa, and Sayyid Hurreiz. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.
\nFernandes, Valentim.<\/strong>\u00a0Description de la C\u00f4te d\u2019Afrique de Ceuta au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal (1506\u20131507).<\/em>\u00a0Paris: Librairie Larose, 1938.
\nAl-Fishtali, \u2018Abd al-\u2018Aziz.<\/strong>\u00a0Manahil as-Safa\u2019 fi Ma\u2019athir Mawalina ash-Shurafa\u2019.<\/em>\u00a0Edited by \u2018Abd al-Karim Kurayyim. Rabat: Matbu\u2018at Wizarat al-Awqaf wa \u2019sh-Shu\u2019un al-Islamiyya wa \u2019th-Thaqafa, 1972.
\nFoucauld, Charles de.<\/strong>\u00a0Dictionnaire Touareg-Fran\u00e7ais<\/em>. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale de France, 1951.
\n__________________.\u00a0Reconnaissance au Maroc 1883\u20131884<\/em>. Paris: Challamel, 1888.
\nFredrickson, George.<\/strong>\u00a0Racism: A Short History<\/em>. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2002.<\/p>\n

G<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghallab, \u2018Abd al-Karim.<\/strong>\u00a0Dafanna al-Madi<\/em>. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Tijari lil-Tiba\u2018a wa \u2019n-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi\u2018, 1966.
\nGifoon, Ali Effendi.<\/strong>\u00a0Memoirs of a Soudanese Soldier<\/em>. Translated by Captain Percy Machell in George Smith et al.,\u00a0The Cornhill Magazine<\/em>. London: Smith, Elder, & Co., 1896.
\nGilroy, Paul.<\/strong>\u00a0The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness<\/em>. New York: Verso, 1993.
\nGodard, L\u00e9on Nicolas.<\/strong>\u00a0Description et histoire du Maroc: comprenant la g\u00e9ographie et la statistique de ce pays d\u2019apr\u00e8s les renseignements les plus r\u00e8cents et le tableau du r\u00e8gne des souverains qui l\u2019ont gouvern\u00e9 depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la paix de T\u00e9touan en 1860<\/em>. Paris: Ch. Tanera, 1860.
\nGolb\u00e9ry, Sylvain Meinrad Xavier de.<\/strong>\u00a0Travels in Africa, Performed by Silvester Mainrad Xavier Golberry, in the Western Parts of That Vast Continent: Containing Various Important Discoveries<\/em>. Translated by William Mudford. London: Jones and Bumford, 1808.
\nGoldenberg, David.<\/strong>\u00a0The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam<\/em>. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2003.
\nGomez, Michael Angelo.<\/strong>\u00a0Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South<\/em>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
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